Rights · before you press record
Consent laws vary sharply by country and state. Recording someone without the consent the law requires carries real consequences — from evidentiary inadmissibility to criminal penalties. Understand the rules that apply where you are, before you capture a conversation.
Disclaimer
This is informational only — not legal advice. Laws change and interpretations vary. Always consult a qualified attorney in your jurisdiction before acting.
Figure · 01 / Consent types
One-party
You may record a conversation you are part of without telling the other participants. Covers much of US federal jurisdiction, many states, and much of the English-speaking world.
Two-party
Recording a conversation requires every participant's knowledge and agreement. Includes states like California, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and much of continental Europe.
All-party
The strictest standard — multi-person conversations require each individual's explicit agreement, not just the named speakers.
Showing 130 jurisdictions · 67 countries
Ley 25.520 (Ley de Inteligencia Nacional) + Código Penal art. 153
Argentina permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for their own purposes.
Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979
Australian federal law permits one-party consent recording for telephone conversations. State laws vary for in-person conversations.
Listening Devices Act 1992 (ACT)
ACT permits one-party consent recording. A party to a private conversation may record it.
Surveillance Devices Act 2007 (NSW)
NSW permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it without the other party's consent.
Surveillance Devices Act 2007 (NT)
Northern Territory requires all-party consent for recording private conversations.
Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld)
Queensland permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it.
Surveillance Devices Act 2016 (SA)
South Australia requires all-party consent for recording private conversations.
Listening Devices Act 1991 (Tas)
Tasmania requires all-party consent for recording private conversations.
Surveillance Devices Act 1999 (Vic)
Victoria requires all-party consent for recording private conversations. This is stricter than most other Australian states.
Surveillance Devices Act 1998 (WA)
Western Australia permits one-party consent recording. A party to a private conversation may record it.
Strafgesetzbuch (öStGB) § 120
Austria requires all-party consent for recording private conversations. Unauthorized recording is a criminal offense.
Digital Security Act 2018 + Telecommunication Act 2001
Bangladesh does not have specific wiretapping legislation prohibiting one-party recording. Recording by a participant is generally permissible.
Code Pénal art. 314bis
Belgium requires all-party consent for recording private communications. Recording without consent is a criminal offense.
Lei nº 9.296/1996 + Constituição Federal art. 5°, XII
Brazil permits one-party consent recording. The Supreme Federal Tribunal has ruled that a party to a conversation may record it without the other's knowledge.
Наказателен кодекс чл. 339a
Bulgaria permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it.
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, § 184
Canadian federal law permits one-party consent recording. You may record a conversation you participate in without informing others.
Criminal Code § 184 + Alberta PIPA
Alberta follows federal one-party consent law. The provincial Personal Information Protection Act applies to organizations.
Criminal Code § 184 + BC PIPA
BC follows federal one-party consent for criminal purposes. The provincial Personal Information Protection Act may impose additional civil requirements for businesses.
Criminal Code § 184
Ontario follows federal one-party consent law. You may record your own conversations without informing others.
Criminal Code § 184 + Quebec Civil Code art. 36
Quebec follows federal one-party consent. However, Quebec's Civil Code provides additional privacy protections that may create civil liability for recording without consent.
Ley 19.974 + Código Penal art. 161-A
Chile permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it without informing others.
Civil Code art. 1032-1033 + Criminal Law art. 252
China does not have a specific wiretapping statute prohibiting one-party consent recording. A party may generally record their own conversations. However, privacy rights are recognized in the Civil Code.
Constitución art. 15 + Código Penal art. 192
Colombia permits one-party consent recording. A party may record conversations they participate in.
Constitución Política art. 24 + Código Penal art. 196
Costa Rica protects the secrecy of communications constitutionally and requires all-party consent for recording.
Kazneni zakon čl. 143
Croatia permits one-party consent recording. A party may record conversations they participate in.
Law on the Protection of the Confidentiality of Private Communications (N. 92(I)/1996)
Cyprus permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for personal use.
Občanský zákoník § 86-90
Czech Republic generally permits one-party consent recording. Recording for personal purposes by a participant is typically lawful.
Straffeloven § 263
Denmark allows one-party consent recording. A participant in a conversation may record it without the other party's knowledge.
Telecommunications Regulation Law No. 10/2003 + Penal Code art. 309bis
Egypt prohibits recording private conversations without consent. The Constitution protects the right to privacy of communications.
Karistusseadustik § 137
Estonia permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it without informing others.
Rikoslaki 24 luku § 5
Finland allows one-party consent recording. Recording a conversation you participate in is not a crime.
Code Pénal art. 226-1
France prohibits recording private conversations without consent. French law treats this as a violation of privacy rights.
Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) § 201
Germany strictly prohibits recording private conversations without all-party consent. This is one of the strictest recording laws in Europe.
Greek Constitution art. 19 + Law 3471/2006
Greece protects the secrecy of communications constitutionally. Recording private conversations without consent is prohibited.
Interception of Communications and Surveillance Ordinance (Cap. 589)
Hong Kong generally permits one-party consent recording for private individuals. The Ordinance primarily regulates government surveillance.
Büntető Törvénykönyv § 422
Hungary generally permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for personal purposes. Distribution may be restricted.
Almenn hegningarlög nr. 19/1940, art. 252
Iceland permits one-party consent recording. A party may record their own conversations.
Indian Telegraph Act 1885 + Information Technology Act 2000
India generally permits one-party consent recording. There is no specific law prohibiting a party from recording their own conversation. Government interception requires authorization.
UU No. 11/2008 (ITE Law) + UU No. 36/1999 (Telecommunications Law)
Indonesia does not have a specific prohibition on one-party consent recording. The ITE Law primarily addresses unauthorized interception of electronic communications.
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act 1997 + Postal and Telecommunications Services Act 1983
Ireland generally permits one-party consent recording. There is no explicit statutory prohibition on a party recording their own conversations.
Wiretapping Law 5739-1979
Israel permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for their own purposes.
Codice Penale art. 615-bis
Italy generally permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it, though publishing or distributing may have restrictions.
Telecommunications Business Act + Wiretapping Act (通信傍受法)
Japan permits one-party consent recording. There is no general prohibition on a party recording their own conversations. The Wiretapping Act primarily targets law enforcement interception.
Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act 2018 + Kenya Information and Communications Act
Kenya does not explicitly prohibit one-party consent recording. The Cybercrimes Act addresses unauthorized interception of communications.
Krimināllikums § 144
Latvia permits one-party consent recording. A party to the conversation may record it without the other party's consent.
Baudžiamasis kodeksas art. 166
Lithuania permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for personal purposes.
Code Pénal art. 509-1 to 509-7
Luxembourg prohibits recording private conversations without all-party consent. The law protects the secrecy of private communications.
Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 + Penal Code
Malaysia does not have a specific wiretapping law prohibiting one-party recording. Recording by a party to the conversation is generally permissible.
Security Service Act (Cap. 391) + Criminal Code
Malta does not have a specific prohibition on one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it.
Constitución art. 16 + Código Penal Federal art. 177
Mexico permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it. The Constitution protects against interception by third parties.
Code Pénal art. 580-582 + Law 09-08 (Data Protection)
Morocco prohibits recording private communications without consent. The law protects secrecy of correspondence and communications.
Wetboek van Strafrecht art. 139a-139c
The Netherlands permits one-party consent recording. A party to the conversation may record it, but GDPR considerations apply to processing of such recordings.
Crimes Act 1961, § 216B
New Zealand permits one-party consent recording. A party to a private communication may record it without the other party's knowledge.
Cybercrimes Act 2015 + Nigerian Communications Act 2003
Nigeria does not have a comprehensive wiretapping prohibition. One-party consent recording is generally permissible. The Cybercrimes Act addresses unauthorized interception.
Straffeloven § 205
Norway permits one-party consent recording. A participant may record their own conversations.
Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016 (PECA) § 29
Pakistan does not explicitly prohibit one-party consent recording. PECA addresses unauthorized interception of electronic communications.
Constitución Política art. 2(10) + Código Penal art. 162
Peru permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it. The Constitution protects against interception by third parties.
Republic Act No. 4200 (Anti-Wiretapping Act)
The Philippines prohibits recording private communications without the consent of all parties. This is one of the strictest recording laws in Southeast Asia.
Kodeks Karny art. 267
Poland generally permits one-party consent recording. Recording your own conversation is not considered a criminal offense.
Código Penal art. 199
Portugal prohibits recording conversations without consent of all parties. Both recording and distribution of recordings are punishable.
Cybercrime Prevention Law No. 14/2014 + Penal Code
Qatar prohibits recording private conversations without consent. Privacy of communications is protected under both cybercrime and criminal law.
Codul Penal art. 302
Romania permits one-party consent recording under criminal law. A party to a conversation may record it.
Anti-Cyber Crime Law (Royal Decree No. M/17, 2007)
Saudi Arabia prohibits recording private conversations without consent. Privacy protections are enforced under both cyber crime law and Islamic legal principles.
Computer Misuse Act + Personal Data Protection Act 2012
Singapore does not have a general prohibition on recording conversations. One-party consent is generally sufficient, but PDPA applies to processing of personal data.
Trestný zákon § 377
Slovakia prohibits recording private conversations without the consent of all parties. Privacy protections are robust.
Kazenski zakonik čl. 137
Slovenia requires all-party consent for recording private conversations. Unauthorized recording is a criminal offense.
Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication-Related Information Act 70 of 2002 (RICA)
South Africa permits one-party consent recording. A party to a communication may record it without the knowledge of the other parties.
Protection of Communications Secrets Act (통신비밀보호법)
South Korea permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it. However, using recordings for defamation or other unlawful purposes is prohibited.
Constitución Española art. 18 + Código Penal art. 197
Spain allows one-party consent recording. The Constitutional Court has ruled that recording one's own conversations does not violate the right to secrecy of communications.
Brottsbalk (BrB) 4 kap. 9a §
Sweden allows one-party consent recording. You may record conversations you participate in.
Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) art. 179bis-179quater
Switzerland requires all-party consent for recording private conversations. Recording without consent is a criminal offense even if you are a party to the conversation.
Communication Security and Surveillance Act (通訊保障及監察法)
Taiwan permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it without the other party's knowledge.
Computer Crime Act B.E. 2550 (2007) + Civil and Commercial Code
Thailand does not have a comprehensive wiretapping statute. One-party consent recording is generally permissible. Privacy protections exist under civil law.
Türk Ceza Kanunu madde 132-133
Turkey prohibits recording private conversations without the consent of all parties. The law strongly protects communication privacy.
Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on Combating Rumors and Cybercrimes
UAE law prohibits recording conversations without consent. Recording, photographing, or eavesdropping on others without permission can be a criminal offense.
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), § 1
UK law generally permits one-party consent recording for personal use. You may record a conversation you participate in for your own reference. Sharing or publishing requires additional consideration.
18 U.S.C. § 2511
Federal law requires at least one party to the conversation to consent to the recording. You may record your own conversations without telling the other party.
Ala. Code § 13A-11-30
Alabama is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation you are a party to without the other person's knowledge.
Alaska Stat. § 42.20.310
Alaska is a one-party consent state. A person may record a conversation they are participating in without the other party's consent.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3005
Arizona is a one-party consent state. You can record any conversation you are a party to.
Ark. Code § 5-60-120
Arkansas is a one-party consent state. Recordings are permitted when one party consents.
Cal. Penal Code § 632
California is a two-party (all-party) consent state. All parties must consent to being recorded. Recording a confidential conversation without all-party consent is a crime.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-9-303
Colorado is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation you participate in without informing others.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-570d
Connecticut requires all-party consent for recording in-person or telephone conversations.
Del. Code tit. 11, § 2402
Delaware requires all-party consent to record private conversations.
D.C. Code § 23-542
DC is a one-party consent jurisdiction. You may record conversations you are a party to.
Fla. Stat. § 934.03
Florida is a two-party consent state. All parties must consent to the recording of any oral or electronic communication.
Ga. Code § 16-11-62
Georgia is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you participate in.
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 803-42
Hawaii is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record without the other party's knowledge.
Idaho Code § 18-6702
Idaho is a one-party consent state. Recording is lawful when one party consents.
720 ILCS 5/14-2
Illinois requires all-party consent to record private conversations. The eavesdropping statute was reformed in 2014.
Ind. Code § 35-33.5-1-5
Indiana is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you are a party to.
Iowa Code § 808B.2
Iowa is a one-party consent state. Recording is allowed when one party to the conversation consents.
Kan. Stat. § 21-6101
Kansas is a one-party consent state. One party to a conversation may record without the other's consent.
Ky. Rev. Stat. § 526.010
Kentucky is a one-party consent state. You can lawfully record a conversation you participate in.
La. Rev. Stat. § 15:1303
Louisiana is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record it.
Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 15, § 709
Maine is a one-party consent state. A party to a conversation may record without the other party's consent.
Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-402
Maryland is a two-party consent state. All parties must consent to the recording of any private conversation.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 272, § 99
Massachusetts has one of the strictest wiretapping laws. All parties must consent and secret recording is strictly prohibited.
Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.539c
Michigan requires all-party consent for recording private conversations.
Minn. Stat. § 626A.02
Minnesota is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you participate in.
Miss. Code § 41-29-531
Mississippi is a one-party consent state. Recording is lawful when one party to the conversation consents.
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 542.402
Missouri is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record without the other's consent.
Mont. Code § 45-8-213
Montana requires consent from all parties to record a private conversation involving an in-person or electronic communication.
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-290
Nebraska is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you are involved in.
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.620
Nevada is a one-party consent state. You may record a telephone or in-person conversation if you are a party to it.
N.H. Rev. Stat. § 570-A:2
New Hampshire requires all-party consent to record conversations.
N.J. Stat. § 2A:156A-4
New Jersey is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record without informing others.
N.M. Stat. § 30-12-1
New Mexico is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you are a party to.
N.Y. Penal Law § 250.00
New York is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation you are a party to.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-287
North Carolina is a one-party consent state. Recording is lawful when one party consents.
N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-15-02
North Dakota is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation if you are a party to it.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2933.52
Ohio is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation you participate in without notifying others.
Okla. Stat. tit. 13, § 176.4
Oklahoma is a one-party consent state. A party to the communication may lawfully record it.
Or. Rev. Stat. § 165.540
Oregon is a one-party consent state. A party to any conversation may record it.
18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5704
Pennsylvania is a two-party consent state. All parties must consent to the interception or recording of any communication.
R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21
Rhode Island is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record it.
S.C. Code § 17-30-30
South Carolina is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you participate in.
S.D. Codified Laws § 23A-35A-20
South Dakota is a one-party consent state. A party to a conversation may lawfully record it.
Tenn. Code § 39-13-601
Tennessee is a one-party consent state. One party to the conversation must consent to the recording.
Tex. Penal Code § 16.02
Texas is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record without the other party's knowledge.
Utah Code § 77-23a-4
Utah is a one-party consent state. You may record conversations you are a party to.
Vt. Stat. tit. 13, § 1402
Vermont is a one-party consent state. A party to any communication may record it.
Va. Code § 19.2-62
Virginia is a one-party consent state. You may record a conversation you are a party to.
Wash. Rev. Code § 9.73.030
Washington is a two-party consent state. All parties must consent to the recording of any private conversation.
W. Va. Code § 62-1D-3
West Virginia is a one-party consent state. Recording is lawful when one party to the conversation consents.
Wis. Stat. § 968.31
Wisconsin is a one-party consent state. A party to the conversation may record it without telling others.
Wyo. Stat. § 7-3-702
Wyoming is a one-party consent state. You may record your own conversations.
Ley 18.331 (Data Protection) + Código Penal art. 297
Uruguay permits one-party consent recording. A party to a conversation may record it for personal purposes.
Law on Cybersecurity 2018 + Civil Code 2015
Vietnam does not have a specific wiretapping statute. One-party recording is generally permissible, though privacy rights are recognized in the Civil Code.